【祓川神楽】
祓川神楽(はらいがわかぐら)は高千穂峰の中腹標高五百メートルの高台に鎮座する霧島東神社(きりしまひがしじんじゃ)の社家の年中行事の一つとして、地元祓川の集落で行われている。霧島六社権現のうちの一社である霧島東神社の創建は古く、崇神天皇(すじんてんのう)の御代と伝わる。南東に、霧島連山最大の火口湖である御池(みいけ)を一望することが出来る。霧島山は康保(こうほう)三年(966)には天台の僧である性空上人(しょうくうしょうにん)の入山、その後の修験者(しゅげんじゃ)の入山修行等、南九州における山岳信仰のメッカとして知られる。霧島修験の影響を受けた祓川神楽は、近隣の狭野神楽と共に「武士の神舞(かんめ)」を現在に残す。
剣舞が多く、特に天神七代地神五代(てんじんしちだいちじんごだい)の諸神を表したと云われる「十二人剱(じゅうににんつるぎ)」は勇壮闊達、他に類を見ない貴重な番付である。
旧薩摩藩神舞(きゅうさつまはんかんめ)の特色である規模の大きな講庭(こうにわ)には、四方に鳥居が立つ。「法珠門(ほうじゅもん)」は神棚中央に天照皇大神宮(てんしょうこうだいじんぐう)を祀り、万物が生まれる春を表す。「福徳門(ふくとくもん)」は生命力あふれる夏、「延命門(えんめいもん)」は実りの秋、「成就門(じょうじゅもん)」は万物が成就する冬、という構成になっている。
御講屋(みこうや)づくりを指揮するのは「十二人剱」の音頭取りであるオンズであり、経験を重ね、太鼓も舞も御講屋作りも覚えた者が選ばれる。御講屋内は神聖な場として一般の者は入ってはならないが唯一、「花舞(はなまい)」で落ちている餅を拾うときのみ入ることが許されている。
祓川地区の各家庭では蕎麦などの振る舞いの準備、「花舞」の餅や、「竈祭」、直会(なおらい)である「板敷祓い(いたしきばらい)」等、地域女性の尽力、このもてなしの文化が祓川神楽の伝承を支えている。
【Haraigawa-Kagura】
Held in Haraigawa Village, Haraigawa Kagura is one of the annual events hosted by the priest of Kirishima Higashi Shrine, which is located500 meters above the sea level along Takachiho-no-mine. As one of the six major shrines in the Kirishima Mountain Range (KirishimaRokushaGongen), Kirishima Higashi Shrine boasts a long history, its establishment traced back to during the reign of Emperor Sujin. In the southwest of the shrine, one can have a bird’s eye view of Miike, the largest volcanic lake in the Kirishima Mountain Range. The Kirishima Mountain Range is known as a mecca of mountain asceticism in the Minami Kyushu region. In 966, Tendai priest saint Shoku paid a visit, and practitioners followed his suit to pursue training. Having been influenced by aesthetic practices in the Kirishima Mountains, Haraigawa Kagura features a “warrior’s divine dance” as seen in nearby Sano Kagura. The kagura is comprised of numerous sword dances, but “Jyuni-ninTsurugi” is particularly noteworthy for its bold yet fluid choreography that depicts Japanese gods before the birth of Emperor Jinmu.
Torii gates stand at the four corners of the extensive courtyard, which is characteristic of the kagura dances of the former Satsuma Domain. The Hojyumon Gate stands at the center of the family altar at the TenshokodaiJingu Shrine and represents spring, the season of renewal. The Fukutokumon Gate, the Enmeimon Gate, and the Jyojyumon Gate represent summer, the season of growth, fall, the season of fruition, and winter, the season of completion, respectively.
The chorus leader in charge of the “Jyuni-ninTsurugi” act takes lead in constructing the courtyard. The leader is chosen based on the extent of expertise on how to assemble drums, dances, and the courtyard. The general public are prohibited from entering the courtyard, as the space is considered sacred. It is only during the “Hanamai” act when people can enter the courtyard to pick up the rice cakes scattered on the ground.
Hospitality in the Haraigawa District keepsthe traditions of Haraigawa Kagura alive, which is reflected in the free soba noodles, rice cakes for the “Hanamai” dance, the “Kama- matsuri” festival, and the “Itashikibarai” ritual for the closing ceremony. The coordination is managed by local households and especially women.